This is posted mainly for my own reference although I doubt I'm the only one constantly forgetting these most basic of linux terminal commands, so for you and me...here they are.

cd - change directory command, typing only this puts you into the root directory

cd ~ - gets you into your home directory

cd /route/to/directory - standard method of navigating directories

cd .. - takes you back up a directory (i ALWAYS forget this for some reason)

ls - list the contents of a directory

right...now i've got no excuse!

here is a good tutorial relating to all of this